EEPROM (also written E2PROM and pronounced "e-e-prom," "double-e prom,") stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory and is a type of non-volatile memory which used in TV,Computers and other electronic devices to store small amounts of data that must be saved when power is removed.EEPROM is a special type of PROM. EEPROM can be both erased and programmed with electrical pulses.Since it can be both electrically written into and electrically erased, the EEPROM can be rapidly programmed and erased in circuit for
Adjustable Precision Shunt Regulator(TL431/AP431 family)
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DipTrace
DipTrace is an advanced PCB design software application that consists of 4 modules PCB Layout with efficient auto-router and auto-placer, schematic capture, component and pattern editors that allow you to design your own component libraries. DipTrace has a powerful automatic router, superior to many routers included in other PCB layout packages. It can route a single layer and multilayer circuit boards, and there is an option to auto route a single layer board with jumper wires, if required.
How to make a simple L.E.D cube
LED cube is very famous
because of its beauty. Here is the circuit diagram for very simple LED cube. In
this circuit we used 27 white LEDs. The 4020 IC is a
Simple 14 stage binary counter and we have used here 9 outputs. Each output
drives 3 white LEDs in series and we have omitted a dropper resistor as the
chip can
Three band active tone control with TL 082-N
TL 082-N Wide Bandwidth dual JFET input Operational Amplifier
This device is low cost, high speed, dual JFET input operational amplifier with an internally trimmed input offset voltage (BI-FET II™ technology). They require low supply current yet maintain a large gain bandwidth product and fast slew rate. In addition, well matched high voltage JFET input devices provide very low input
SIMPLE FLASHER
This simple circuit flashes a globe at a rate according to the value of the 180R and 2200u electrolytic capacitor.
INCREASING THE OUTPUT CURRENT with 3055
The output current of all 3-terminal regulators can be increased by including a pass transistor. This transistor simply allows the current to flow through the collector-emitter leads. The output voltage is maintained by the 3-terminal regulator but the current flows through the "pass transistor." This transistor is a power transistor
TRANSFORMERLESS POWER SUPPLY
This clever design uses 4 diodes in a bridge to produce a fixed voltage power supply capable of supplying 35mA. All diodes (every type of diode) are zener diodes. They all break down at a particular voltage. The fact is, a power diode breaks down at 100v or 400v and its zener characteristic is not useful. But if we put 2 zener diodes in a bridge with two ordinary power diodes, the bridge will break-down at the voltage of the zener. This is what we have done. If we use 18v zeners, the output will be 17v4. When the incoming
Flashing 230V Lights
This design can be of some interest for those wanting striking light signs, as it can drive up to three 230V lamp strings in three operating modes.
The 15V dc supply is obtained from a nominal 230/24V center tapped ac transformer (T1) and a full wave rectifier (D5 & D6): Zener diode D4 was added to clamp the dc voltage to 15V maximum.
Triacs D7, D8 and D9 are insulated from the control circuitry by means of Optoisolators IC2, IC3 and IC4. IC1A, B and C are wired as monostables and cascaded in order to obtain a rotating sequence when the Mode switch SW1 is set in the Rotate position.
Programmable LED Flasher
uses only one chip and can be useful if a not very precise number of flashes of the LED is needed before reverting to the steady-on state. In fact, connecting D1 Anode to different output pins of the IC, the steady-on state of the LED will be obtained after 2, 4, 8, 16 flashes and so on.
Connecting D1 Anode as shown, the LED will start flashing at about two times per second after power-on and will revert to the steady state after 8 flashes. P1
LOSS-FREE SUPPLY PROTECTOR
Any diode-based circuit that protects against reversal of the supply polarity introduces a certain voltage drop.Also, when relatively high currents are involved, the choice of a suitable diode,and its dissipation, may become problematic.
This circuit utilized a relay contact to break the positive supply line when the input voltage has the wrong polarity. the coil voltage of the relay may be lower than the input voltage, because Re is activated within a fiw milliseconds, and then receives the correct coil voltage via T1-D1. Since
Difference between GBIC & SFP(mini gbic)
A gigabit interface converter (GBIC) is a standard for transceivers, commonly used with Gigabit Ethernet and fibre channel in the 1990s. By offering a standard, hot swappable electrical interface, one gigabit port can support a wide range of physical media, from copper to long-wave single-mode optical fiber, at lengths of hundreds of kilometers.The small form-factor pluggable (SFP Fiber Optic Transceiver) is a version of Mini-GBIC. It supports data rates up to 10 Gbit/s. The SFP Fiber
VIDEO BUFFER/REPEATER
This universal video amplifier is intended as a buffer/repeater in a long coaxial cable to keep the signal at a reasonable level. Its gain is about 6 dB. The circuit is built from readily available components: some transistors and a few others. The circuit consists of a two-stage amplifier, T1 and T2, and an emitter follower that functions as impedance converter. The bandwidth at -3 dB is not less than 20 MHz. Current consumption at a supply voltage of 12 V amounts to